সামাজিক বিজ্ঞান গবেষণা/প্রবীণদের একাকীত্ব এবং সামাজিক সহায়তা
জেনোডোতে "এজিং, লোনলিনেস, অ্যান্ড ওয়েল-বিয়িং ইন স্পেন" (https://zenodo.org/records/14200089) প্রকল্পে এসএভি (SAV) এবং সিএসভি (CSV) ফরম্যাটের একটি ডেটাসেট রয়েছে, যা স্পেনের স্টেট রিসার্চ এজেন্সির অর্থায়নে মাদ্রিদের কমপ্লুটেন্স ইউনিভার্সিটির এস্তেবান সানচেজ-মোরেনো তৈরি করেছেন। এই ডেটাসেটে ৬৫ থেকে ১০৩ বছর বয়সী বয়স্ক প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের ৮৮৭টি সাক্ষাৎকার রয়েছে। এটিতে তাদের সম্ভাব্য একাকীত্ব এবং সঙ্গী, পুত্র, কন্যা, নাতি-নাতনি, ভাইবোন ও প্রতিবেশীদের কাছ থেকে প্রাপ্ত সামাজিক সমর্থনের বিষয়গুলো অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয়েছে।
সানচেজ-মোরেনো, ই. (২০২৪)। ডেটাসেট করেসপন্ডিং টু দ্য প্রজেক্ট "এজিং, লোনলিনেস, অ্যান্ড ওয়েল-বিয়িং ইন স্পেন" [ডেটা সেট]। জেনোডো। https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14200089
চলকের বিবরণ
[সম্পাদনা]প্রথমত, আর (R) প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষায় আমরা sav ফাইল ব্যবহার করে চলকগুলোর বিবরণ সংগ্রহ করি এবং সংখ্যাগুলোকে স্ট্রিং দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপন করে সেগুলোকে রূপান্তর করি:
library(haven)
df<-read_sav("Data_PID2020-115993RB-I00.sav")
for (i in 1:56) {
print(paste(names(df)[i],"-",attributes(df[,i])$label))
}
df <- as_factor (df)
"Gender - Gender" "Age - Age" "Living - Coexistence/Place of Residence" "Children - Children" "Education - Level of Education" "GALI - Limitations on Activities for Health Reasons" "VAR00002 - SOCIAL SUPPORT" "B1.4 - Questions about couples. To what extent could you freely share and express your feelings with your spouse/partner? " "B1.5 - Questions about couples. To what extent would your spouse/partner help you if you were depressed or having personal problems?" "B1.6 - Questions about your relationship. To what extent would your spouse/partner help you if you had to make an important decision?" "B1.7 - Questions about couples. To what extent would they be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions to solve problems?" "B1.8 - Questions about your partner. To what extent would your spouse/partner help you if you were sick or needed a ride to the doctor?" "B1.9 - Questions about couples. To what extent would your spouse/partner help you if you needed money or cleaning services?" household chores" "B2.4 - Relationship with your child. The extent to which you could freely share and express your feelings with your child(ren)" "B2.5 - Relationship with your child(ren). The extent to which your child(ren) would help you if you were depressed or having personal problems" "B2.6 - Relationship with your children. The extent to which your child(ren) would be helpful if you had to make an important decision" "B2.7 - Relationship with your child. The extent to which your child(ren) would be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions for solving problems" "B2.8 - Relationship with your child(ren). The extent to which your child(ren) would help you if you were sick and needed to be taken to the doctor" "B2.9 - Relationship with your child(ren). The extent to which your child(ren) would help you if you needed money or housework" "B3.4 - Relationship with your daughter(s). The extent to which you could freely share and express your feelings Feelings with your daughter(s) "B3.5 - Relationship between daughters. Extent to which your daughter(s) would help you if you were depressed or having personal problems" "B3.6 - Relationship between daughters. Extent to which your daughter(s) would be helpful if you had to make an important decision" "B3.7 - Relationship between daughters. Extent to which your daughter(s) would be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions for solving problems" "B3.8 - Relationship between daughters. Extent to which your daughter(s) would help you if you were sick and needed to go to the doctor" "B3.9 - Relationship between daughters. Extent: Would your daughter(s) help you if you needed money or to take care of the house?" "B4.4 - Relationship with grandchild(ren). The extent to which you could freely share and express your feelings with your grandchild(ren)" "B4.5 - Relationship with grandchild(ren). The extent to which your grandchild(ren) would help you if you were depressed or having personal problems" "B4.6 - Relationship with grandchild(ren). The extent to which your grandchild(ren) would be helpful if you had to make an important decision" "B4.7 - Relationship with grandchild(ren). The extent to which your grandchild(ren) would be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions for solving problems" "B4.8 - Relationship with grandchild(ren). The extent to which your grandchild(ren) would help you if you were sick and needed to be taken to the doctor" "B4.9 - Relationship with grandchild(ren). The extent to which your grandchild(ren) Your nephew/nieces would help you if you needed money or to take care of your house. B5.4 - Sibling relationship. Extent to which you could freely share and express your feelings with your sibling. B5.5 - Sibling relationship. Extent to which your sibling/nieces would help you if you needed money or to take care of your house.Your brother/sister would help you if you were depressed or having personal problems. "B5.6 - Sibling Relationship. The extent to which your brother/sister would be helpful if you had to make an important decision." "B5.7 - Sibling Relationship. The extent to which your brother/sister would be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions for solving problems." "B5.8 - Sibling Relationship. The extent to which your brother/sister would help you if you were sick and needed to go to the doctor." "B5.9 - Sibling Relationship. The extent to which your brother/sister would help you if you needed money or household chores." "B6.4 - Relationship with Neighbors/Other Residents. The extent to which you could freely share and express your feelings with your neighbors/other residents." "B6.5 - Relationship with Neighbors/Other Residents. Extent to which your neighbors/other residents would help you if you were depressed or had personal problems. "B6.6 - Relationship with neighbors/other residents. Extent to which your neighbors/other residents would be helpful if you had to make an important decision." "B6.7 - Relationship with neighbors/other residents. Extent to which your neighbors/other residents would be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions for solving problems." "B6.8 - Relationship with neighbors/other residents. Extent to which your neighbors/other residents would help you if you were sick or needed a ride to the doctor." "B6.9 - Relationship with neighbors/other residents. Extent to which your neighbors/other residents would help you if you needed money or housework." "B7.4 - Relationship with friends. Extent to which you could freely share and express your feelings with your friends." "B7.5 - Relationship with friends. Extent to which your friends would help you if you were depressed or having personal problems. "B7.6 - Relationship with friends. Extent to which your friends would help you if you had to make an important decision." "B7.7 - Relationship with friends. Extent to which your friends would be helpful if you needed advice or helpful suggestions for solving problems." "B7.8 - Relationship with friends. Extent to which your friends would help you if you were sick or needed a ride to the doctor." "B7.9 - Relationship with friends. Measure: Your friends would help you if you needed money or to take care of your home. VAR00001 - LONELINESS Soledad1 - 1 I have a general feeling of emptiness. Soledad2 - 2 There are many people I can count on when I have problems. Soledad3 - 3 There are enough people I feel connected to. Soledad4 - 4 I miss having people around me. Soledad5 - 5 I often feel rejected. Soledad6 - 6 There are many people I can trust completely.
একাকীত্ব
[সম্পাদনা]একাকীত্বের বিষয়ে, স্প্যানিশ নমুনার বয়স্করা যে সাধারণ সমস্যাটির সম্মুখীন হন তা হলো তাদের চারপাশে মানুষ থাকা (৪৭% কমবেশি মানুষ চান, ৫২.৫৪% মানুষ চান)। তবে এমন মানুষ না থাকা যাদের সাথে তারা সংযুক্ত বোধ করতে পারেন বা যাদের তারা বিশ্বাস করতে পারেন—এমন বিষয়টি কেবল একটি সংখ্যালঘু অংশের উদ্বেগের কারণ (যথাক্রমে ৬.৭৬% এবং ১০.১৬%; ১২.৯৭%)।
Soledad3 - ৩ এমন কি পর্যাপ্ত মানুষ আছেন যাদের সাথে আমি সংযুক্ত বোধ করি?
library(dplyr)
n=nrow(elderly)
elderly %>%
group_by(Soledad3) %>%
summarise(there_are_people_I_feel_connected_to=n(), percentage=paste(round(people_I_feel_connected_to*100/n,2),"%",sep = ""))
Soledad3 there_are_people_I_feel_connected_to percentage 1 N / A 6 0.68% 2 NO 60 6.76% 3 More or less 90 10.15% 4 Yes 731 82.41%
Soledad4 - ৪ আমি কি আমার আশেপাশে মানুষ না থাকার অভাব বোধ করি?
Soledad4 I_miss_having_people_around_me percentage 1 N / A 7 0.79% 2 NO 466 52.54% 3 More or less 135 15.22% 4 Yes 279 31.45%
Soledad6 - ৬ এমন কি অনেক মানুষ আছেন যাদের আমি পুরোপুরি বিশ্বাস করতে পারি?
Soledad6 people_I_can_completely_trust percentage 1 N / A 7 0.79% 2 NO 115 12.97% 3 More or less 174 19.62% 4 Yes 591 66.63%
সামাজিক সমর্থন
[সম্পাদনা]
"আপনি অসুস্থ হলে বা ডাক্তার দেখাতে যাওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে তারা আপনাকে কতটুকু সাহায্য করবেন?" প্রশ্নটি বিশ্লেষণ করে, গ্রাফের দিকে লক্ষ্য রেখে এবং সংখ্যাগুলো বিশ্লেষণ করে আমরা দেখতে পাই যে, স্প্যানিশ নমুনার বয়স্করা অসুস্থতার ক্ষেত্রে প্রধানত সঙ্গীর (৩৫.৯৬% প্রায় সবসময়), পুত্রদের (৩৮.১১% প্রায় সবসময়) এবং কন্যাদের (৪০.৮১% প্রায় সবসময়) ওপর নির্ভর করতে পারেন। অন্যদিকে, ভাইবোন এবং ভাতিজি/ভাগ্নিদের ক্ষেত্রে এটি একই রকম হলেও শতাংশের হার কম। প্রতিবেশীদের ক্ষেত্রে এটি কখনোই নয় (৩২.২৪%) এবং বন্ধুদের ক্ষেত্রে এটি ভাতিজি ও ভাগ্নেদের মতোই, তবে তাদের কখনোই না করার হার ২৫.২৫%।
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
df<-elderly %>%
select(Gender,B1.8,B2.8,B3.8,B4.8,B5.8,B6.8,B7.8)
colnames(df)[2:8] <-c("Partner","Sons","Daughters","Grandchildren","Siblings","Neighbors","Friends")
df1 <- melt(df, id="Gender")
df2<-df1 %>%
filter(value=="Almost always") %>%
group_by(variable) %>%
summarise(almost_always=n())
df3<-df1 %>%
filter(value=="Quite a few times") %>%
group_by(variable) %>%
summarise(quite a few times=n())
df2 <- cbind(df2,quite a few times=df3$quite a few times)
df3<-df1 %>%
filter(value=="Sometimes") %>%
group_by(variable) %>%
summarise(sometimes=n())
df2 <- cbind(df2,sometimes=df3$sometimes)
df3<-df1 %>%
filter(value=="Rarely") %>%
group_by(variable) %>%
summarise(rarely=n())
df2 <- cbind(df2,rarely=df3$rarely)
df3<-df1 %>%
filter(value=="Never") %>%
group_by(variable) %>%
summarise(mai=n())
df2 <- cbind(df2,mai=df3$mai)
colnames(df2)[1] <-"Type"
df3 <- melt(df2, id="Type")
df3 %>%
ggplot(aes(Type,value,fill=variable))+
geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = position_dodge())+
ylab("Total Elderly")+
ggtitle("How much would they help you", subtitle = "if you were sick or needed a ride to the doctor?")
df4<-cbind(df2$Type, round(df2[,2:6]*100/n,2))
colnames(df4)[1] <-"Type"
df4
Type almost_always quite_a_few_times sometimes rarely never 1 Partner 35.96 2.25 0.68 1.69 2.37 2 Sons 38.11 9.58 4.96 3.83 3.72 3 Daughters 40.81 8.91 3.27 3.38 1.92 4 Grandchildren 12.51 6.76 4.96 7.33 9.81 5 Brothers/Sisters 16.80 12.29 11.05 11.16 15.33 6 Neighbors 8.57 10.15 19.28 16.80 32.24 7 Friends 14.77 18.49 15.78 12.18 25.25
নিচের প্রশ্নগুলোর জন্যও একই ধরনের ফলাফল পাওয়া যায়:
- আপনি বিষণ্ণ থাকলে বা ব্যক্তিগত সমস্যায় ভুগলে তারা আপনাকে কতটুকু সাহায্য করবেন?
- আপনার টাকার প্রয়োজন হলে বা গৃহস্থালির কাজে তারা আপনাকে কতটুকু সাহায্য করবেন?