English: Diagram of the central dogma, DNA to RNA to protein, illustrating the genetic code. This happens to be the first few amino acids for the alpha subunit of hemoglobin. The sixth amino acid here (glutamic acid, "E") is mutated in sickle cell anemia versions of the molecule. The mRNA does have a "start codon" preceding this sequence, but I decided not to include it because that residue is later removed from the protein.